Leishmaniosis

Selected content from the Animal Health and Production Compendium (© CAB International 2013). Distributed under license by African Union – Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources.

Whilst this information is provided by experts, we advise that users seek veterinary advice where appropriate and check OIE manuals for recent changes to regulations, diagnostic tests, vaccines and treatments.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

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Identity    Pathogen/s    Overview    Distribution    Distribution Map for Africa    Distribution Table for Africa    Hosts/Species Affected    Host Animals    Systems Affected     References    Links to Websites

 Identity

Preferred Scientific Name
leishmaniosis
International Common Names
English
cutaneous leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis in horses and sheep, cutaneous leishmaniasis, leishmaniosis, in horses and sheep, leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis

 Pathogen/s

Leishmania

Overview

Leishmaniosis can affect the skin, muco-cutaneous zone and visceral system. Several species of Leishmania exist of which four main groups are recognised: L.donovani; L,tropica; L.mexicana; and L.braziliensis.

This disease is on the list of diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). The distribution section contains data from OIE's WAHID database on disease occurrence. Please see the AHPC library for further information on this disease from OIE, including the International Animal Health Code and the Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. Also see the website: www.oie.int.

Distribution

For current information on disease incidence, see OIE's WAHID Interface.

Distribution Map for Africa

Distribution Map for Africa

= Present, no further details    = Widespread    = Localised
= Confined and subject to quarantine    = Occasional or few reports
= Evidence of pathogen    = Last reported...    = Presence unconfirmed

 Distribution Table for Africa

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further information for individual references may be available in the Animal Health and Production Compendium. A table for worldwide distribution can also be found in the Animal Health and Production Compendium.

 Hosts/Species Affected

Sheep (Ovis aries), dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and humans (Homo sapiens) can all be host organisms.

Host Animals

Systems Affected

Skin - Small Ruminants

References

African Union-Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources, 2011. Panafrican Animal Health Yearbook 2011. Pan African Animal Health Yearbook, 2011:xiii + 90 pp. http://www.au-ibar.org/pan-african-animal-health-yearbook

Anjili CO, Ngichabe CK, Mbati PA, Lugalia RM, Wamwayi HM, Githure JI, 1998. Experimental infection of domestic sheep with culture-derived Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Veterinary Parasitology, 74(2/4):315-318.

Bailey MS, Lockwood DNJ, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clinics in Dermatology, 25(2):203-211. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T5G-4N7YJVF-8&_user=10&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2007&_rdoc=8&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235002%232007%23999749997%23646213%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5002&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=12&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=4223ef28903105857bb22918bc067b2a

Baneth G, Koutinas AF, Solano-Gallego L, Bourdeau P, Ferrer L, 2008. Canine leishmaniosis - new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: Part one. Trends in Parasitology, 24(7):324-330. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14714922

Bañuls AL, Hide M, Prugnolle F, 2007. Leishmania and the leishmaniases: a parasite genetic update and advances in taxonomy, epidemiology and pathogenicity in humans. In: Advances in Parasitology, 64 [ed. by Baker, J. R.\Muller, R.\Rollinson, D.]. London, UK: Elsevier Ltd, 1-109. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/0065308X

Berman J, 2006. Visceral leishmaniasis in the New World & Africa. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 123(3):289-294. http://www.icmr.nic.in

Dantas-Torres F, 2007. The role of dogs as reservoirs of Leishmania parasites, with emphasis on Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Veterinary Parasitology, 149(3/4):139-146. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044017

Gramiccia M, Gradoni L, 2005. The current status of zoonotic leishmaniases and approaches to disease control. International Journal for Parasitology, 35(11/12):1169-1180.

Miró G, Cardoso L, Pennisi MG, Oliva G, Baneth G, 2008. Canine leishmaniosis - new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: part two. Trends in Parasitology, 24(8):371-377. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14714922

Morsy TA, Al-Dakhil MA, El-Bahrawy AFA, 1999. Natural Leishmania infection in sand cats captured in Riyadh district, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 29(1):69-74.

Mukhtar MM, Sharief AH, El-Saffi SH, Harith AE, Higazzi TB, Adam AM, Abdalla HS, 2000. Detection of antibodies to Leishmania donovani in animals in a kala-azar endemic region in eastern Sudan: a preliminary report. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94(1):33-36.

Mutinga MJ, Kihara SM, Lohding A, Mutero CM, Ngatia TA, Karanu F, 1989. Leishmaniasis in Kenya: description of leishmaniasis of a domestic goat from Transmara, Narok District, Kenya. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 40(2):91-96.

OIE Handistatus, 2002. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2001). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

OIE Handistatus, 2003. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2002). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

OIE Handistatus, 2004. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2003). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

OIE, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

OIE, 2009. World Animal Health Information Database - Version: 1.4. World Animal Health Information Database. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. http://www.oie.int

OIE, 2012. World Animal Health Information Database. Version 2. World Animal Health Information Database. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Wahidhome/Home

Quinnell RJ, Courtenay O, 2009. Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology, 136(14):1915-1934. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=par

Links to Websites

• Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta
• CFSPH: Animal Disease Information

  "Animal Disease Information" provides links to various information sources, including fact sheets and images, on over 150 animal diseases of international significance.

• OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals

  The Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (Terrestrial Manual) aims to facilitate international trade in animals and animal products and to contribute to the improvement of animal health services world-wide. The principal target readership is laboratories carrying out veterinary diagnostic tests and surveillance, plus vaccine manufacturers and regulatory authorities in Member Countries. The objective is to provide internationally agreed diagnostic laboratory methods and requirements for the production and control of vaccines and other biological products.

• World Health Organization

Date of report: 03/06/2013

© CAB International 2013. Distributed under license by African Union – Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.