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This Note provides a conceptual understanding of blue accounting by showing the nexus between blue accounting and marine ecosystems sustainability and indicating the relevant information and data requirements for socio-economic assessment of blue resources, including goods and services they generate. It further highlights, in generic terms, information required to set-up a baseline for a comprehensive Blue Economy socio-economic assessment. It also indicates some best practices and lessons learned in selected case studies on blue accounting systems as well as outlining key policy messages.